Python is an interpreted dynamically typed Language with very straightforward syntax. Python comes in two basic versions one in 2.x and 3.x and Python 2 and 3 are quite different. This post is bais for Python 2.x

In Python 2, the "print" is keyword. In Python 3 "print" is a function, and must be invoked with parentheses. There are no curly braces, no begin and end
keywords, no need for semicolons at the ends of lines - the only thing that
organizes code into blocks, functions, or classes is indentation

To mark a comment the line, use a pound sign, ‘#’.  use a triple quoted string (use 3 single or 3 double quotes) for multiple lines.

Python Data Types

• int
• long
• float
• complex
• boolean

Python object types (builtin)

• list  : Mutable sequence, in square brackets
• tuple : Immutable sequence, in parentheses
• dic  : Dictionary with key, value using curly braces
• set  : Collection of unique elements unordered
• str  : Sequence of characters, immutable
• unicode  : Sequence of Unicode encoded characters

   

Sequence indexes

• x[0]  : First element of a sequence
• x[-1]  : Last element of a sequence
• x[1:]  : Second element from the last element
• x[:-1]  : First element up to (but NOT including last element)
• x[:]  : All elements - returns a copy of list
• x[1:3]  : From Second elements to 3rd element
• x[0::2]  : Start at first element, then every second element

 1 seq = ['A','B','C','D','E']
 2 
 3 print seq
 4 print seq[0]
 5 print seq[-1]
 6 print seq[1:]
 7 print seq[:-1]
 8 print seq[:]
 9 print seq[1:3]
10 print seq[0::2]

output of above code

Function and Parameters

Functions are defined with the “def” keyword and parenthesis after the function name

1 #defining a function
2 def my_function():
3     """ to do """
4     print "my function is called"
5   
6 #calling a defined function       
7 my_function() 

Parameters can be passed in many ways

• Default parameters:
  def foo(x=3, y=2):
      print x
  foo()


• By position:
  foo(1, 2)


• By name:

                 foo(x=1)

• As a list:
  def foo(*args):
      print args
  foo(1, 2, 3)


• As a dictionary:

1 def foo(a, b=2, c= 3):
2  print a, b, c
3 d = {'a':5, 'b':6, 'c':7}
4 
5 foo(**d)
6 
7 #need to pass one parameter
8 foo(1)

[1] https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/